Volume 2 · Chapter 03

Negative and Past

Say did, did not, is not, and was not without overbuilding grammar.

You need four basic time/yes-no shapes:

present/future positive
I go / I will go
present/future negative
I do not go / I will not go
past positive
I went
past negative
I did not go

Japanese polite verbs make this very regular.

You will use this chapter in day-to-day decisions:

The polite pattern

go / will go
do not go / will not go
went
did not go

This is why polite Japanese is a good starting point: the endings are predictable.

More verbs

I eat.
I do not eat.
I ate.
I did not eat.
I buy.
I do not buy.
I bought.
I did not buy.

です and だ sentences for quick survival

For now, this is practical:

You will often hear the full formal ではありません in announcements and service counters.

For nouns and many な-adjectives, the negative is often じゃないです.

It is okay.
It is not okay.
It is necessary.
It is not necessary.

You will also hear the more formal ではありません, but じゃないです is a practical recognition and speaking form.

Common mistakes to avoid

past negative is done by replacing ます with ませんでした
did not drink
it was okay

Full pattern list

Use this table for instant conversion:

行きます
行きません
行きました
行きませんでした
見ます
見ません / 見ませんでした
大丈夫です
大丈夫じゃないです
必要です
必要じゃないです

Worked examples

I go / I will go.
I do not go / I will not go.
I went.
I did not go.
Did you go?
It is okay.
It is not okay.
I went to the hospital yesterday.
I will not go today.
I have not eaten yet.
I did not work here today.

Listening mini practice

Randomized practice

Tense Practice

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  1. Meaning

    行きます。